Tuesday, August 31, 2010

Week 11: Antibiotic resistant germs and Pandemics

What are some theories about the human caused increase in antibiotic resistant "super germs"

Post your comment with the source website.

50 comments:

  1. A germ is an informal term for a disease-causing organism, particularly bacteria (as in germ warfare). The word is not to be confused with the term from developmental biology (as in wheat germ). One of the first people to postulate that some diseases were caused by the presence of some kind of very small 'seed' (the original meaning of 'germ') that germinated or multiplied in the body to produce the disease was Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian doctor, practising in an obstetrics ward in the 1840s. He noticed that the death rate of the impoverished women attended by the nurse midwives was many times less than that of the wealthier women attended by the doctors. His observations led him to conclude that it was a matter of cleanliness. The doctors, on their schedules, went directly from the morgue to the obstetrics ward without washing their hands. When he presented his findings to fellow doctors, they discounted his theory, unable to believe in what they could not see. It wasn't until the 1880s and the work of Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister that the truth of germs finally surfaced and was accepted by the scientific community.

    -Siera-

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  2. Most people don't understand that we are in the midst of
    an unsettling health epidemic - one that should never have occurred.

    In 1968, infectious diseases had all but been eliminated, and didn't even make the list of "top ten killers" in the United States. Yet, in the past 20 years, the reemergence of these diseases and the rise of strains of super germs has created a problem that we each need to be concerned about.

    Here are some of the reasons for the problem: In 1970, histamine blockers were created to supposedly help with poor digestion (indigestion) problems. These drugs-including Zantac, Pepcid AC and Tagament along with antacids like Tums and Rolaids-have created considerable side effects, because they are designed to stop or greatly reduce the hydrochloric acid in the stomachs.

    HCL (hydrochloric acid) has two main purposes in the body:

    First, because it destroys bacteria that we ingest every time we eat, drink or eat, HCL acts as our first defense against infectious disease.

    Second, it lowers the pH level in the stomach so that enzymes can be activated and can, therefore, complete the process of digesting our foods.

    This practice, of taking products and preparations that stop HCL (and thus leave us defenseless against the bacteria that causes infectious disease) is so prevalent that it has created a huge health problem. In fact, infectious disease is now ranked number three as one of the top killers in our society today.

    Since indigestion, and the need to address those symptoms, was the root problem, we should look at what causes the non-digestion of foods in the first place. Enzymes are protein molecules that are present in raw food. These enzymes digest the food and deliver the life-giving nutrients to the body on the cellular level. When we cook foods over 118 degrees Fahrenheit we denature the food and destroy the enzymes, making foods difficult for the body to digest and causing indigestion to occur.

    Then, when these symptoms show up, we take antacids and acid blockers-which only lead to other side effects and increased problems. The best way to combat this problem is to enhance digestion by eating more raw food. In addition, when we eat food that is cooked or processed, enzymes (which we chose to take out of the food when we cooked it!) should be added back to the body in supplemental form.

    The second problem that is contributing to the infectious disease epidemic is the abuse of antibiotics. Antibiotic abuse is so widespread that it is breeding new strains of germs, known as "super germs." Antibiotics are being too freely prescribed, and the public does not understand the recourse when the antibiotics don't destroy all the germs they were meant to kill. A lot of the times the antibiotic only destroys the weak germs and the strong ones live to become even more resistant to future doses of antibiotics. Recommended dosages and potencies are then increased-and yet; we are still losing the battle.

    The Director for the Center for Disease Control recently stated, "We are losing the battle with super germs." The antibiotics are not only breeding super germs but they are creating an environment for the pathogenic bacteria to implant and grow. This is because the antibiotic (against-life) is also destroying our friendly bacteria, which is needed in our intestines. These friendly bacteria (probiotics) are critical to the strength of our immune system. When probiotics are growing and flourishing in the body the super germs or pathogenic bacteria have no place to implant and grow. If our probiotic levels are up, then the pathogenic bacteria has to go right through our system without doing any damage or making us sick.
    http://www.feelgoodagain.com/supergerms.htm

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  3. the antibiotics breeding super germs, and they are als creating an enviroment for the pathogenic bacteria to implant and grow.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Bacteria that used to be treatable with antibiotics are now problematic because of resistance.Antibiotics are used unnecessarily and so bacteria become stronger. Antibiotics only work on bacterial infections, but when people become immune to these drugs the antobiotic wont work anymore. The modern hospital and nursing home environments have become breeding grounds for antimicrobial resistance. This is a growing problem for the average American.

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  5. The over-prescription of anti-biotics has been the source of its resistance. Since bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, are living organisms that evolve over time, they learn to adapt to the anti-biotic that is killing them. Microbes adapt to their environment and change in ways that ensure their survival. If something stops their ability to spread, such as an penicillin, genetic changes can occur that enable the microbe to survive. Therefore over-using anti-biotics when not neccessary, which is more common than one would think, allows the bacteria to find ways to become resistant to its effect. I learned this from http://www.medicinenet.com/antibiotic_resistance/page3.htm

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  6. The recent entry of products containing antibacterial agents into healthy households has escalated from a few dozen products in the mid-1990s to more than 700 today. Antibacterial products were developed and have been successfully used to prevent transmission of disease-causing microorganisms among patients, particularly in hospitals. They are now being added to products used in healthy households, even though an added health benefit has not been demonstrated. Scientists are concerned that the antibacterial agents will select bacteria resistant to them and cross-resistant to antibiotics. Moreover, if they alter a person's microflora, they may negatively affect the normal maturation of the T helper cell response of the immune system to commensal flora antigens; this change could lead to a greater chance of allergies in children. As with antibiotics, prudent use of these products is urged. Their designated purpose is to protect vulnerable patients.

    http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no3_supp/levy.htm

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  7. germs change to super germs to resist anti bioitics

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  8. Many illness that were easy to cure before are becoming harder to cure and deadly because the they are beging to become amuin to the affect. If it is not stoped soon the medicine we once used will become usles and a simple cold could kill you.

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  9. Bacteria that used to be treatable with antibiotics are now problematic because of resistance.Antibiotics are used unnecessarily and so bacteria become stronger. Antibiotics only work on bacterial infections, but when people become immune to these drugs the antobiotic wont work anymore. This is a growing problem for the average American.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Germs change to super germs to resisit anti bittics. And many illness that were once easy to cure are now becomming harder to cure because the bacteria causesing the diease is now ammunin to the germs do to out medicine.

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  11. since many times anti biotics are used unneeeded; the bacteria becomes stronger and stop working.

    ReplyDelete
  12. Antibiotic abuse is such a big problem, and it is breeding new strains of germs, known as "super germs." Antibiotics are being freely prescribed, and people dont understand the recourse when the antibiotics don't destroy all the germs they were meant to kill. most of the time, the antibiotic just destroys the weak germs so the strong ones live to become even more resistant to future doses of antibiotics. http://www.feelgoodagain.com/supergerms.htm

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  13. Doctors hand out anitibiotics for sicknesses like its candy on halloween. The more antibiotics we hand out, the better the environment for creating a super germ, a sickness where there is no cure, no amount of antibiotics can kill it, a germ that could cause the deaths of millions. The prescribing of antibiotics needs to be more controlled, so that these germs do not become existent.

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  14. The human immune system has long been credited as capable of adapting to different diseases. What happens when one gets sick is that the immune system, which is not prepared for such a disease, is taken off guard. When you get better, the immune system has adapted and forced away the bacteria or virus that has infected the body. With the invention of penicillin in the 20th century, we finally thought we had defeated bacteria itself. Bacteria, however, unlike viruses is a living organism. As such, bacteria can develop as well. Although antibiotics can, and do, defeat bacteria, it is not beyond question that bacteria can evolve and develop into more potent and powerful germs; Super Germs. The way that big business, such as factory farms, use antibiotics, we are running the risk for a super-germ to arise that we cannot defeat, for it shall be immune to the medicines we have to combat it.

    http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/14309

    -Chris Lansing

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  15. Bacteria that used to be treatable with antibiotics are now problematic because of hey its nick. resistance.Antibiotics are used unnecessarily and so bacteria become stronger. Antibiotics only work on bacterial infections, but when people become immune to these drugs the antobiotic wont work anymore. we did this to are selves. now it has become a big problem and we need to fix it before it gets worse. i agree with emily

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  16. the antibiotics breeding super germs, and they are als creating an enviroment for the pathogenic bacteria to implant and grow.

    ReplyDelete
  17. The prescribing of antibiotics needs to be more controlled, so that these germs do not become more existence. Although antibiotics can, and do, win over bacteria, bacteria can evolve and develop into more potent and powerful germs that can eventually become super germs that can defeat antibiotics.

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  18. Bacteria that used to be treatable with antibiotics (also called antimicrobials) are now problematic because of resistance. As parents of HIV+ children we understand the idea of resistance to drug therapy. We are familiar with the human immunodeficiency virus' ability to mutate and become resistant to antiviral drugs. Antibiotic resistance is similar in its origin: misuse or overuse of antimicrobials results in bacteria which are resistant to those agents. If one sort of bacteria, such as enterococcus, becomes resistant to a specific antimicrobial drug, it is possible to transfer that resistance to related species of bacteria, such as pneumococcus and gonococcus, and then all of these organisms will be harder to kill.

    http://www.thebody.com/content/art4787.html

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  19. germs are becoming super germs, and they are becoming immune to antibiotics.

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  20. The primary cause of antibiotic resistance is antibiotic use both within medicine and veterinary medicine. The greater the duration of exposure the greater the risk of the development of resistance irrespective of the severity of the need for antibiotics. As resistance becomes more common there becomes a greater need for alternative treatments. However despite a push for new antibiotic therapies there has been a continued decline in the number of newly approved drugs[1]. Antibiotic resistance therefore poses a significant problem


    Wikipedia

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  21. Whenever bacteria are deluged with a pesticide or drug, mutant bacteria resistant to the pesticide have a selective growth advantage. Some scientists also suggest widespread household use of triclosan may result in increased risk of allergy in children, an unintended consequence potentially caused by alterations to a developing body's natural microbial community following chronic exposure to the pesticide, and resulting in immune system abnormalities

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  22. I learned that if you dont finish all the pills in a prescription that could be very bad for you. Antibiotics usually work very quickly and within 24 hours the patient feels better. If he or she quits taking the medicine earlier than he or she should have, not finishing the whole prescribed course, the bacteria which caused the infection will not all be killed and the ones that survive will be stronger and more able to withstand the next dose of that antibiotic.

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  23. Most people don't realize that germs and bacteria are in everything. There's nothing you can do to prevent it, but if things like food and clothes are properly sanitized, it can prevent the germs or bacteria from taking a negative affecton your body.

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  24. One theory is that overuse of antibiotics and medications has led to diseases becoming more resistant to drugs and therefore becoming "super drugs." If we cut down on the abuse of antibiotics we can stop these diseases from developing.
    http://www.feelgoodagain.com/supergerms.htm

    ReplyDelete
  25. The consitant intake of disinfectants is not only causing bacteria to become inured to them, but scientists say the same process is also making bacteria become resistant to many different drugs, even without exposure to such antibiotics.

    http://visitbulgaria.info/12204-disinfectants-make-super-germs-antibiotic-resistant

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  26. A supergerm is caused when a patient is infected by a billion germs, and penicillin is given, all but a dozen or so will be killed. But the dozen that remain are all resistant to penicillin. Since many germs can double their numbers every hour, a great deal depends on the natural strength of the patient. If his own immune system is strong enough to wipe out the remaining dozen before they turn into a billion again—which conceivably could take less than a day—the patient will recover. If there is no sign of recovery, the doctor will switch antibiotics. The new one, once again, may wipe out all but a dozen, and so the cycle repeats.

    www.answersingenesis.org

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  27. Every time you sit down to a meal containing meat, eggs, or dairy products, you're dining on known carcinogens, bacteria, and other contaminants that can accumulate in your body and remain there for years. Animal products are loaded with bacteria, antibiotics, hormones, dioxins, and a host of other toxins that can cause serious health problems in humans.

    An extremely high percentage of all the flesh from the chickens, turkeys, cows, fish, and pigs butchered every year in the U.S. is contaminated with E. coli, campylobacter, listeria, or other dangerous bacteria that live in the intestinal tracts, flesh, and feces of animals.

    Every time you sit down to a meal containing meat, eggs, or dairy products, you're dining on known carcinogens, bacteria, and other contaminants that can accumulate in your body and remain there for years. Animal products are loaded with bacteria, antibiotics, hormones, dioxins, and a host of other toxins that can cause serious health problems in humans.

    An extremely high percentage of all the flesh from the chickens, turkeys, cows, fish, and pigs butchered every year in the U.S. is contaminated with E. coli, campylobacter, listeria, or other dangerous bacteria that live in the intestinal tracts, flesh, and feces of animals.

    http://www.peta.org/living/vegetarian-living/Meat-Contamination.aspx

    With all these bad things in our systems, the super germs will easily thrive.

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  28. The "...problem that is contributing to the infectious disease epidemic is the abuse of antibiotics. Antibiotic abuse is so widespread that it is breeding new strains of germs, known as 'super germs.' Antibiotics are being too freely prescribed, and the public does not understand the recourse when the antibiotics don't destroy all the germs they were meant to kill. A lot of the times the antibiotic only destroys the weak germs and the strong ones live to become even more resistant to future doses of antibiotics. Recommended dosages and potencies are then increased-and yet; we are still losing the battle.The Director for the Center for Disease Control recently stated, 'We are losing the battle with super germs.' The antibiotics are not only breeding super germs but they are creating an environment for the pathogenic bacteria to implant and grow. This is because the antibiotic (against-life) is also destroying our friendly bacteria, which is needed in our intestines. These friendly bacteria (probiotics) are critical to the strength of our immune system. When probiotics are growing and flourishing in the body the super germs or pathogenic bacteria have no place to implant and grow. If our probiotic levels are up, then the pathogenic bacteria has to go right through our system without doing any damage or making us sick."

    http://www.feelgoodagain.com/supergerms.htm

    ReplyDelete
  29. Super germs have emerged as a possible new threat to global health as a whole. While research is still being performed with the hopes of obtaining conclusive results, many scientists report the possible use of consumer products meant to kill germs in creating a resistant strain of super germs.


    http://www.germfacts.net/super_germs/super_germs.html

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  30. Antibiotics have killed the weak bacteria and taught the strong ones how to mutate and become resistant to the drugs. Bacteria multiply extremely fast. One bacterium can become 17 MILLION in an hour. Antibiotics work by interfering with the life cycle or metabolism of bacteria. Some antibiotics interfere with the manufacture of cell walls, others mimic certain natural substances that confuse the bacteria and others disrupt the bacteria's biochemical machinery. Unfortunately, bacteria have a fantastic survival instinct. Because they go through many generations in just a couple of hours, bacteria are able to mutate and adapt to the most sophisticated attempts at stopping them. This means we are creating super germs that are immune to our best antibiotics.

    That is why a number of studies have found that the recurring rate of ear infections in children given antibiotics is four to six times higher than those who were given placebos (pills that do nothing). In fact, childhood ear infections are skyrocketing. In 1975 ear infections accounted for 9.9 million doctor's office visits, in 1985 it was 18.3 million and in 1997 it was 30 million. In another study, antibiotics used to treat upper-respiratory infections were shown to cause urinary tract infections. What are these drugs doing to you and your children?

    Antibiotics are not only making bacteria stronger; these drugs are actually making your immune system weaker. Of the bacteria in your body, the majority help you to stay healthy. Good bacteria living in your intestines help you digest your food. They actually manufacture vitamins B1, B2 B3, B12 and folic acid and they destroy invading bad bacteria, parasites and fungi. That is one reason breast-fed children have fewer intestinal problems than bottle-fed children -- the good bacteria are transferred through breast milk. Good bacteria live on your skin and protect you from invasion by bad bacteria. Good bacteria live in the mouth, nose, ears and vagina, protecting those areas.

    http://myspinalpain.com/custom_content/c_128501_super_germs__are_you_at_risk.html?print=1

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  31. people need to slow down on the use of antibiotics because super germs are being made. soon we will not be able to fight infections and germs. the germs are starting to kill the good germs which we need in our system.

    ReplyDelete
  32. A pandemic is when a epidemic of infectious dieseas spread. Throught the years there have been numerous pandemics. The most recent pandemic is HIV. HIV is spread through sexual contact or sharing needles. Also the other most recent pandemic has been the flu. Most pandemics start through animal then lead to humans then humans spread that dieseas or infection. In order to fix theses problems although some diseas be treated such as HIV others use antibiotics.

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  33. Germs and bactria are everywere and in everything. So when you get prescriptions to help fight off these things then they will adapt to the drug and get stronger than it. So if we keep doing this then eventualy we wont have the drugs to get rid of the germ and we will die

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  34. Disinfectants causes bacteria to resist it they start to build a tolerance for other antibiotics and certain drugs that some bacteria cant beat. Hospitals are staring to carry more bacteria becasue the bacteria is gettin stronger and disenfectants dont kill the bacteria completely. Their could be no affect on the bacteria anymore becasue of the antibiotics not being as strong as they could be. Bacteria adapted to the disinfectants by pumping out anti-microbial agents from its cells that casue the bacteria to become invincible to the disinfectants.


    http://visitbulgaria.info/12204-disinfectants-make-super-germs-antibiotic-resistant

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  35. The problem is that some germs are becoming resistant to antibiotics and become stronger than perscriptions, then they multiply so your doctor gives you a different antibiotic but it doesn't matter because there's always that percentage of germs that resist and get stronger.

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  36. super germs are in the picture because there used for anti biotics

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  37. super germs are inperious to that of common antibiotics, they cant be stopped by commn things, but they need specialized medication, and through the doses of specialized the virus could becoem immune to the special ones, and therefore you better hang in for the ride!

    http://premium.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/07/07/health.combat.supergerms/index.html

    after reading that article i learned that even the common things like the flu have changed, and beome harder to get rid of! you need a strong immune system to get rid of some deseases, but most americans lack it.

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  38. New research finds that the aggressive use of disinfectants is not only causing bacteria to become inured to them, but scientists say the same process is also making bacteria un-linkable to certain drugs, even without exposure to such antibiotics.

    http://visitbulgaria.info/12204-disinfectants-make-super-germs-antibiotic-resistant

    ReplyDelete
  39. A super germ is a germ that has built up a resistence to antibiotics. I think that the reason super germs are around is because we use so many antibiotics for every little sickness that we get, so in result, your body cant fight off bigger germs like super germs.

    ReplyDelete
  40. Bacteria that used to be treatable with antibiotics are now a problem because of resistance.We are familiar with the human immunodeficiency virus' ability to mutate and become resistant to antiviral drugs. Antibiotic resistance is similar in its origin: misuse or overuse of antimicrobials results in bacteria which are resistant to those agents. If one sort of bacteria, such as enterococcus, becomes resistant to a specific antimicrobial drug, it is possible to transfer that resistance to related species of bacteria, such as pneumococcus and gonococcus, and then all of these organisms will be harder to kill.

    ReplyDelete
  41. "Does not 'bacteriological reductionism' ignore, exclude and downgrade the importance of previous medical history, general level of health, hygiene, psycho-social factors, diet and lifestyle factors in the development of infectious disease? Factors which, in fact, create the very susceptibility to infection, which distinguish 'the infected' as a category from 'the non-infected', not only in the same town, but in the same house or family.

    Therefore, we might conclude that bacteria, viruses, and other bugs are not 'primarily the cause of all infectious respiratory disease', but secondary, tertiary or even merely associative causes."

    CONCERNING ANTIBIOTICS AND THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

    http://www.homeoint.org/morrell/otherarticles/antibiotic.htm

    --lasylvia =]

    ReplyDelete
  42. Microbes are living organisms that reproduce, thrive, and spread quickly and efficiently increasing their numbers. Microbes include bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), viruses (colds and influenza, which causes the "flu"), fungi (e.g., Candida albicans, which causes some yeast infections), and parasites (e.g., Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria).

    Antimicrobial is a general term given to medicines that kill or slow the growth of microbes.

    Antimicrobial drug resistance is the ability of a microbe to grow in the presence of a chemical that would normally kill it or limit its growth.

    ReplyDelete
  43. Here are some of the reasons for the problem: In 1970, histamine blockers were created to supposedly help with poor digestion (indigestion) problems. These drugs-including Zantac, Pepcid AC and Tagament along with antacids like Tums and Rolaids-have created considerable side effects, because they are designed to stop or greatly reduce the hydrochloric acid in the stomachs.HCL (hydrochloric acid) has two main purposes in the body:First, because it destroys bacteria that we ingest every time we eat, drink or eat, HCL acts as our first defense against infectious disease.Second, it lowers the pH level in the stomach so that enzymes can be activated and can, therefore, complete the process of digesting our foods.
    http://www.feelgoodagain.com/supergerms.htm

    ReplyDelete
  44. In 1968, infectious diseases had all but been eliminated, and didn't even make the list of "top ten killers" in the United States. Yet, in the past 20 years, the reemergence of these diseases and the rise of strains of super germs has created a problem that we each need to be concerned about.
    Here are some of the reasons for the problem: In 1970, histamine blockers were created to supposedly help with poor digestion (indigestion) problems. These drugs-including Zantac, Pepcid AC and Tagament along with antacids like Tums and Rolaids-have created considerable side effects, because they are designed to stop or greatly reduce the hydrochloric acid in the stomachs.
    HCL (hydrochloric acid) has two main purposes in the body:
    First, because it destroys bacteria that we ingest every time we eat, drink or eat, HCL acts as our first defense against infectious disease.
    Second, it lowers the pH level in the stomach so that enzymes can be activated and can, therefore, complete the process of digesting our foods.
    The second problem that is contributing to the infectious disease epidemic is the abuse of antibiotics. Antibiotic abuse is so widespread that it is breeding new strains of germs, known as "super germs." Antibiotics are being too freely prescribed, and the public does not understand the recourse when the antibiotics don't destroy all the germs they were meant to kill. A lot of the times the antibiotic only destroys the weak germs and the strong ones live to become even more resistant to future doses of antibiotics. Recommended dosages and potencies are then increased-and yet; we are still losing the battle.

    ReplyDelete
  45. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  46. germs are becoming super germs, and they are becoming immune to antibiotics

    ReplyDelete
  47. The recent entry of products containing antibacterial agents into healthy households has escalated from a few dozen products in the mid-1990s to more than 700 today. Antibacterial products were developed and have been successfully used to prevent transmission of disease-causing microorganisms among patients, particularly in hospitals. They are now being added to products used in healthy households, even though an added health benefit has not been demonstrated. Scientists are concerned that the antibacterial agents will select bacteria resistant to them and cross-resistant to antibiotics. Moreover, if they alter a person's microflora, they may negatively affect the normal maturation of the T helper cell response of the immune system to commensal flora antigens; this change could lead to a greater chance of allergies in children. As with antibiotics, prudent use of these products is urged. Their designated purpose is to protect vulnerable patients.

    ReplyDelete
  48. When patients become ill from a bacterial infection, antibiotics (when used properly) will kill the organisms and the patient will get better. Occasionally there will be bacteria that aren't killed. These resistant bacteria then replicate and their offspring will also carry resistant genes. If all of the susceptible bacteria weren't killed, resistant bacteria may pass their resistant genes to them through the process of conjugation.10 The process is accelerated when antibiotics are not used properly or are overused.

    http://social.jrank.org/pages/1183/Environment-Drug-Resistant-Germs.html

    ReplyDelete